Cross-compiler

One of the ways to compile your applications to the ARM architecture is through a cross-compiler. This will allow you to compile applications for the ARM architecture on a different system. This is good if you want to develop for the Pandora but are still waiting to receive it, or if you have an application that takes too much memory or drive-space to effectively compile on the Pandora itself. At the moment, there are 4 different ways you can set up a cross compiling environment.

These options are sorted in order of preference. Option two is preferred over three, etc.

Ivanovic's CodeSourcery-Based Cross Compiler

This toolchain is based on previous codesourcery toolchain attempts but uses the packages that openpandora relies on. It should work for every Linux system that can make use of x86 binaries (meaning x86 systems as well as amd64 systems with multilib support). A detailed explanation of the SDK as well as the script required to install it are available in this forum thread.

Notes:

• This toolchain works on a 64-bit system, assuming 32-bit compatibility libraries are installed. On Debian, they can be installed with:

aptitude install ia32-libs-dev

Sebt3's Yactfeau

http://www.gp32x.com/board/index.php?/topic/58490-yactfeau/

Notes:

• This toolchain works on a 64-bit system, assuming 32-bit compatibility libraries are installed. On Debian, they can be installed with:

aptitude install ia32-libs-dev

Using the Toolchain

1. If you don't already have a Linux-based system you want to use, download and run the Pandora VirtualBox Image.
2. Remove your previous installation by running:

   sudo rm -rf /usr/local/angstrom/arm/*
   

3. Download the toolchain (torrent).
4. Unpack the toolchain:

   sudo tar -C /usr/local/angstrom/arm -xjf pandora-toolchain-20110313.tar.bz2
   

5. Fix file permissions:

   sudo chown -R <your-name>.<your-name> /usr/local/angstrom/arm
   

6. Install the toolchain:

   $ bash /usr/local/angstrom/arm/scripts/installer.sh
   

Common Errors

No such libmpfr.so.1

If you get the following error message while trying to compile projects:

error while loading shared libraries: libmpfr.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

You can fix that by commenting out the following lines of the "environment-setup" file:

# if [ ! -e "/usr/lib/libgmp.so.3" ] || [ ! -e "/usr/lib/libmpfr.so.1" ];then
(...and 7 lines later...)
#fi

DJWillis's Cross Compiler

You could try the easy-to-setup environment described on DJWillis' blog which is suitable for 32bit Linux. However, the process is also expanded further below.

DJ-Willis's cross-compiling toolchain page is really awesome, but it has a few holes I'd like to patch up in this guide. Here, we'll be creating a chroot jail to install the toolchain on with a Debian Squeeze system. This will allow you to use DJ Willis's toolchain without mucking with your normal system at all. Of course, it's obviously overkill, but, hey, what's technical insight without it?

The commands are detailed exactly as you'll need to enter them, from start to finish, to compile Pandora native apps on your host system. They'll run really well on the Pandora, but they won't run on your host. To do that, you'll need to compile them for the host system, which is a different, but much simpler, process.

Resources

The following are generic resources you might want to read up on to make better sense of the instructions that follow.

• http://blogs.distant-earth.com/wp/?p=109
• http://wiki.debian.org/chroot
• http://wiki.debian.org/Debootstrap
• http://pandorapress.net/2009/03/11/so-you-want-to-try-angstrom/

Instructions

The following instructions are for a (Debian) host system that you have root access to. The system-inside-a-system you're building will probably take about 1 GiB of hard-drive space.

cd ~ 
mkdir pandora_cross_compiler
su -c "apt-get install debootstrap chroot" # get the dependencies
su -c "debootstrap --arch=i386 squeeze pandora_cross_compiler" # see the debootstrap wiki
su -c "LANG=C chroot pandora_cross_compiler /bin/bash" # see the chroot wiki
apt-get install bzip2 unzip curl libmpfr-dev
ln -s /usr/lib/libmpfr.so /usr/lib/libmpfr.so.1
cd ~
wget http://djwillis.openpandora.org/toolchains/20100611-i686-linux-armv7a-linux-gnueabi-toolchain-openpandora.tar.bz2 http://djwillis.openpandora.org/toolchains/DisplayImage.zip
tar -C / -xjf 20100611-i686-linux-armv7a-linux-gnueabi-toolchain-openpandora.tar.bz2
unzip DisplayImage.zip
. /usr/local/angstrom/arm/environment-setup
arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi-gcc -Wall DisplayImage.c -o DisplayImage -l SDL
exit

Congratulations! You just compiled an ARM-based executable! It won't run on the Intel 32-bit system you're testing it on! To see it not run on your normal system, run:

su -c "cp pandora_cross_compiler/root/DisplayImage .; cp pandora_cross_compiler/root/test.bmp ."
su -c "chown (your user):(your group) DisplayImage test.bmp"
./DisplayImage

You compiled it for the Pandora. If you have a Pandora, copy it to the Pandora and it should work.

To get back into your chroot jail to compile more programs that you can copy then back into your normal system and your Pandora, you'll just need to run:

su -c "LANG=C chroot pandora_cross_compiler /bin/bash

And Bam! You're back in the chroot.

Consider using QEmu to create an ARM VM for testing the programs. See the Pandora Press link for those instructions. Also see the comments for getting the QEmu image to run in Linux.

Using the SDK-Installer

Cpasjuste on the GP32X forums has made a nice script to get a build environment and libraries installed on Ubuntu/Debian systems. Download links and a brief explanation can be found in this thread.

A new approach at creating a crosscompiler toolchain was done by Ivanovic. It is based previous codesourcery toolchain attempts but uses the packages that openpandora relies on, too. It should work for every Linux system that can make use of x86 binaries (meaning x86 systems as well as amd64 systems with multilib support). A more detailed explanation of the SDK as well as the scripts required to install it are available in this thread.

Manual Installation

If you want a bit more control, Code-Sourcery hosts a bunch of cross-compiling suites for various platforms on their site, some editions have to be paid for, but they do have "lite" editions without support that are completely free.

Head up onto here. The recommended release at time of writing is 2009q3.

Installers are available for Linux and Windows. Alternatively, download and unpack the tarball, then add the bin directory to your path.

Example: Setting up a cross compiler using Code Sourcery, and doing so inside a VM

Skeezix makes some notes in his blog about setting up CodeSourcery's prebuilt toolchain in a VM very quickly.

Possible Problems

If you get an error when compiling along of the lines of "error while loading shared libraries: libmpfr.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory", run

apt-get install libmpfr1ldbl

and attempt to compile again.